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Fulton (Helen)

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Fulton, Helen, “Sir John Prise and his books: manuscript culture in the March of Wales”, Welsh History Review 31:1 (2022): 55–78.  
abstract:

 Sir John Prise (1501/2–55) was a Welsh lawyer and book collector who was one of the royal commissioners responsible for closing down the monasteries at the Dissolution of the 1530s. Operating mainly in the March of Wales, Prise was able to save around 100 medieval manuscripts which would otherwise have been destroyed. As a Welsh speaker, Prise was keenly interested in medieval Welsh writing and some of the most famous medieval Welsh manuscripts passed through his hands. He was particularly interested in the British history of Geoffrey of Monmouth and in his Latin prose treatise, Historiae Britannicae Defensio, published in 1573 after his death, Prise put forward a spirited defence of the 'British history' related by Geoffrey, based almost entirely on his reading of manuscripts that he owned. This article examines the significance of Sir John Prise, his writing and his book collection in relation to the transmission of medieval texts into the Tudor age.

Fulton, Helen, “Editing medieval manuscripts for modern audiences”, in: Orietta Da Rold, and Elaine Treharne (eds), The Cambridge companion to medieval British manuscripts, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 187–213.
Fulton, Helen, “Origins and introductions: Troy and Rome in medieval British and Irish writing”, in: Francesca Kaminski-Jones, and Rhys Kaminski-Jones (eds), Celts, Romans, Britons: classical and Celtic influence in the construction of British identities, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. 51–78.  
abstract:

The chapter compares different uses of the legend of Troy as a ‘Trojan preface’ to historical and literary texts in medieval England, Wales, and Ireland. Typically used to introduce narratives of nationalist significance, the ‘Trojan preface’ forms a distinctive genre that functioned to establish or confirm myths of national origin. The work of early historians such as Henry of Huntingdon and Geoffrey of Monmouth provides examples of the uses of Troy to construct a particular kind of English identity. In Welsh and Irish texts, the Trojan legend was inserted as a chronological milestone which aligned the ethnic histories of Wales (or Britain) and Ireland with world events. The legacy of Rome was another source of English identity which worked to exclude the early British people and their descendants, the Welsh. Rome was also an important point of reference for the Welsh and Irish, who established their claim to ancient lineage through literary references to Britain under the Romans and through adaptations of Latin epic. The ambiguity of Troy, represented by Aeneas as a figure of both heroic endeavour and treacherous betrayal, is addressed in different ways by English, Welsh, and Irish writers. The chapter ends with a discussion of the Trojan prefaces in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chaucer’s House of Fame, suggesting that these prefaces are motivated comments on the questionable historical construction of English identity.

Fulton, Helen [princ. invest.], Mapping the March of Wales, Online: University of Bristol, 2020–present. URL: <https://mappingwelshmarches.ac.uk>.
Fulton, Helen, “The Red Book and the White: gentry libraries in medieval Wales”, in: Aisling Byrne, and Victoria Flood (eds), Crossing borders in the Insular Middle Ages, 30, Turnhout: Brepols, 2019. 23–45.
Fulton, Helen, “‘Mirror of the gentry’: vernacular versions of the ‘Secretum Secretorum’ in medieval Wales and England”, in: Norbert Kössinger, and Claudia Wittig (eds), Prodesse et delectare: case studies on didactic literature in the European Middle Ages / Fallstudien zur didaktischen Literatur des europäischen Mittelalters, 11, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019. 57–82.  
abstract:

Though the early medieval advice manual known as ‘Secretum Secretorum’, ‘The Secret of Secrets’, has been fairly well discussed by modern critics, including its numerous Latin and vernacular versions, there has been relatively little consideration of the ways in which the contents of the manual have been remediated into fictional literary texts of the Middle Ages, especially in Welsh. This article provides a new examination of the reception of Latin and vernacular versions of ‘Secretum Secretorum’ in medieval Welsh and English literatures. It is the first attempt to list the Middle Welsh versions of the ‘Secretum’ and to discuss them together with the Middle English versions. The article argues that the medieval ‘Secretum’, styled as a speculum principum, functioned not so much as a “mirror of princes” addressed to actual kings and princes but as an advice manual for professional and bourgeois readerships. The dominant function of the treatise, especially in its vernacular versions, was therefore as what we might call a “mirror of the gentry”, educating emergent shire and urban leaders about individual responsibility and how to follow a noble way of life. Both vernaculars, English and Welsh, transfer the ethical precepts popularised by ‘Secretum Secretorum’ and other didactic texts into fictional worlds where the moral message is wrapped in a more attractive package of fantasy and allegory addressed to a diverse readership.

Evans, Geraint, and Helen Fulton (eds), The Cambridge history of Welsh literature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Byrne, Aisling, and Helen Fulton, “Insular connections and comparisons in the later Middle Ages”, in: Aisling Byrne, and Victoria Flood (eds), Crossing borders in the Insular Middle Ages, 30, Turnhout: Brepols, 2019. 1–22.
Fulton, Helen, “Britons and Saxons: the earliest writing in Welsh”, in: Geraint Evans, and Helen Fulton (eds), The Cambridge history of Welsh literature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 26–51.
Fulton, Helen, “Literary networks and patrons in late medieval Wales”, in: Geraint Evans, and Helen Fulton (eds), The Cambridge history of Welsh literature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 129–154.
Echard, Siân [gen. ed.], Robert Rouse [gen. ed.], Jacqueline A. Fay [ass. ed.], and Helen Fulton [ass. ed.] (eds), The encyclopedia of medieval literature in Britain, 4 vols, Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Literature, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.
Fulton, Helen, “Body and soul: from doctrine to debate in medieval Welsh and Irish literature”, in: Eva von Contzen, and Anke Bernau (eds), Sanctity as literature in late medieval Britain, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015. 96–115.
Fulton, Helen, “The geography of Welsh literary production in late medieval Glamorgan”, Journal of Medieval History 41:3 (2015): 325–340.  
abstract:
The urban culture of medieval Swansea, which provided the political context for William Cragh and his rebellion, represents only one aspect of the Marcher lordship of Glamorgan. Within the same lordship, Welsh gentry families engaged with national politics through a literary culture shared with their English neighbours. This paper looks at some of the most significant manuscripts associated with south Wales in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, including the ‘Red Book of Hergest’ and National Library of Wales MS Peniarth 50. This latter manuscript is particularly noteworthy for its multilingual contents and for its large collection of political prophecy in Welsh, English and Latin, testifying to Welsh involvement in English politics. The paper argues that Welsh literary culture was a strong element in Glamorgan Marcher society and that an elite group of Welsh gentry were at the heart of a mobile network of scribes, poets and manuscripts.
Fulton, Helen, “History and historia: uses of the Troy story in medieval Ireland and Wales”, in: Ralph OʼConnor (ed.), Classical literature and learning in medieval Irish narrative, 34, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2014. 40–57.
Fulton, Helen, “Gender and jealousy in Gereint uab Erbin and Le roman de silence”, Arthuriana 24:2 (2014): 43–70.  
abstract:
The medieval Welsh prose version of the story of Gereint (Erec) and Enid differs from its cognates in French and German by attributing the motive of jealousy to Gereint as the reason why he decides to test his wife's devotion. This theme of jealousy draws attention to an uneasiness in the text about Enid's noble status and the concept of gender. The story of Gereint and Enid, in common with the French Roman de Silence, finds itself demonstrating that both gender and class are constructed through a social performance that must be continually enacted.
Fulton, Helen, “Owain Glyndŵr and the prophetic tradition”, in: Michael Livingston, and John K. Bollard (eds), Owain Glyndŵr: a casebook, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2013. 475–488.
Fulton, Helen, “A medieval Welsh version of the Troy story: editing Ystorya Dared”, in: Vincent Gillespie, and Anne Hudson (eds), Probable truth: editing medieval texts from Britain in the twenty-first century, 5, Turnhout: Brepols, 2013. 355–372.
Fulton, Helen, “The status of the Welsh language in medieval Wales”, in: Pamela OʼNeill (ed.), The land beneath the sea: essays in honour of Anders Ahlqvist’s contribution to Celtic studies in Australia, 14, Sydney: Celtic Studies Foundation, University of Sydney, 2013. 59–74.
Fulton, Helen, “Fairs, feast-days and carnival in medieval Wales: some poetic evidence”, in: Helen Fulton (ed.), Urban culture in medieval Wales, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2012. 223–252.
Fulton, Helen (ed.), Urban culture in medieval Wales, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2012.
Fulton, Helen, “Introduction: the impact of urbanization in medieval Wales”, in: Helen Fulton (ed.), Urban culture in medieval Wales, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2012. 1–8.
Fulton, Helen, “Trading places: representations of urban culture in medieval Welsh poetry”, in: Helen Fulton (ed.), Urban culture in medieval Wales, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2012. 219–230.
Fulton, Helen, “Troy story: the medieval Welsh Ystorya Dared and the Brut tradition of British history”, The Medieval Chronicle 7 (2011): 137–150.
Fulton, Helen, “Magic naturalism in the Táin bó Cúailnge”, in: Joseph F. Eska (ed.), Narrative in Celtic tradition: essays in honor of Edgar M. Slotkin, 8, 9, New York: Colgate University Press, 2011. 84–99.
Fulton, Helen, “History and myth: Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae”, in: Helen Fulton [ed.], A companion to Arthurian literature, 58, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 44–57.
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Dennis Groenewegen
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March 2018
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